367 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
367 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# 9 种常用版式 (16:9, 13.33×7.5 in)
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> **2.0 版本要点**:大幅减少满铺色块,引入 MSO_SHAPE 图标点缀,所有元素经 safe_area 校验不会越出画布。
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复制 → 改文案 → 跑。配色用 `spec_lock.md` 里的实际 hex 替换占位。
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## 通用起手 + 安全辅助
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```python
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from pptx import Presentation
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from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu
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from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor
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from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN, MSO_ANCHOR, MSO_AUTO_SIZE
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from pptx.enum.shapes import MSO_SHAPE
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# ---- 配色 (默认红色主题; spec_lock 里有覆盖以 spec_lock 为准) ----
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PRIMARY = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x00, 0x00) # 深红 - 标题/强调/关键数据
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SECONDARY = RGBColor(0xE1, 0x55, 0x54) # 砖红 - 次要图形
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ACCENT = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xC1, 0x07) # 金黄 - 关键数据点/CTA
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INK = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x1F, 0x1F)
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GREY = RGBColor(0x59, 0x59, 0x59)
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GREY_LIGHT = RGBColor(0x88, 0x88, 0x88)
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BG = RGBColor(0xFA, 0xFA, 0xFA) # 背景近白
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WHITE = RGBColor(255, 255, 255)
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CN_FONT = "微软雅黑"
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EN_FONT = "Arial"
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# ---- 画布与安全区 ----
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prs = Presentation()
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prs.slide_width = Inches(13.33)
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prs.slide_height = Inches(7.5)
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SLIDE_W = 13.33
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SLIDE_H = 7.5
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MARGIN_X = 0.7 # 左右
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MARGIN_Y = 0.5 # 上下
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SAFE_LEFT = MARGIN_X
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SAFE_TOP = MARGIN_Y
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SAFE_RIGHT = SLIDE_W - MARGIN_X
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SAFE_BOTTOM = SLIDE_H - MARGIN_Y
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SAFE_W = SAFE_RIGHT - SAFE_LEFT # 11.93
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SAFE_H = SAFE_BOTTOM - SAFE_TOP # 6.5
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BLANK = prs.slide_layouts[6]
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def assert_inside(left, top, width, height, name=""):
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"""放置前调一次。越界直接报错而不是悄悄超出。"""
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if left < 0 or top < 0:
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raise ValueError(f"[{name}] 左/上为负: ({left}, {top})")
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if left + width > SLIDE_W + 1e-3:
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raise ValueError(f"[{name}] 右越界: {left}+{width} > {SLIDE_W}")
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if top + height > SLIDE_H + 1e-3:
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raise ValueError(f"[{name}] 下越界: {top}+{height} > {SLIDE_H}")
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# ---- 文本辅助 (默认 word_wrap, shrink-to-fit 兜底) ----
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def set_text(tf, text, size, bold=False, color=INK, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT,
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font=CN_FONT):
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tf.text = text
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p = tf.paragraphs[0]; p.alignment = align
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r = p.runs[0]
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r.font.name = font; r.font.size = Pt(size); r.font.bold = bold
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r.font.color.rgb = color
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def add_textbox(slide, left, top, width, height, text, size,
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bold=False, color=INK, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT,
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anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.TOP, font=CN_FONT, shrink=True,
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name="textbox"):
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assert_inside(left, top, width, height, name)
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tb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(left), Inches(top),
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Inches(width), Inches(height))
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tf = tb.text_frame
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tf.vertical_anchor = anchor
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tf.word_wrap = True
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if shrink:
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# 文字超出框高时自动收缩字号 (兜底,不替代字数预算)
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tf.auto_size = MSO_AUTO_SIZE.TEXT_TO_FIT_SHAPE
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set_text(tf, text, size, bold, color, align, font)
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return tb
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# ---- 形状辅助 (无边线实心填充) ----
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def add_rect(slide, left, top, width, height, fill, name="rect"):
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assert_inside(left, top, width, height, name)
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s = slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.RECTANGLE, Inches(left), Inches(top),
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Inches(width), Inches(height))
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s.fill.solid(); s.fill.fore_color.rgb = fill
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s.line.fill.background()
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return s
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def add_shape(slide, kind, left, top, width, height, fill, name="shape"):
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assert_inside(left, top, width, height, name)
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s = slide.shapes.add_shape(kind, Inches(left), Inches(top),
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Inches(width), Inches(height))
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s.fill.solid(); s.fill.fore_color.rgb = fill
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s.line.fill.background()
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return s
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def add_dot(slide, x, y, size=0.18, color=ACCENT):
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return add_shape(slide, MSO_SHAPE.OVAL, x, y, size, size, color, "dot")
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def add_accent_line(slide, x, y, length=1.0, thickness=0.05, color=ACCENT):
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"""标题下面那条强调线,替代大色块"""
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return add_rect(slide, x, y, length, thickness, color, "accent_line")
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def add_badge(slide, x, y, num, diameter=0.7, fill=PRIMARY, fg=WHITE):
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"""编号徽章 (圆 + 数字)"""
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c = add_shape(slide, MSO_SHAPE.OVAL, x, y, diameter, diameter, fill, "badge")
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tf = c.text_frame; tf.text = str(num)
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p = tf.paragraphs[0]; p.alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER
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r = p.runs[0]
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r.font.bold = True; r.font.size = Pt(int(diameter * 28))
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r.font.color.rgb = fg; r.font.name = EN_FONT
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return c
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# ---- 标题套件 (内页通用) ----
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def page_title(slide, text, page_num=None, total=None, footer="项目汇报"):
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT, SAFE_TOP, SAFE_W, 0.7, text,
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32, bold=True, color=PRIMARY, name="title")
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add_accent_line(slide, SAFE_LEFT, SAFE_TOP + 0.85,
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length=0.8, color=ACCENT)
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if page_num is not None and total is not None:
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT, 7.0, 6, 0.4, footer,
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11, color=GREY_LIGHT, shrink=False, name="footer")
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add_textbox(slide, 12.0, 7.0, 1.2, 0.4, f"{page_num} / {total}",
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11, color=GREY_LIGHT, align=PP_ALIGN.RIGHT,
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shrink=False, name="page_num")
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```
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> **要点**:
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> - `assert_inside` 阻止任何越界。元素超出画布会立刻报 `ValueError`,而不是悄悄裁剪
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> - `add_textbox` 默认 `word_wrap=True` + `auto_size=TEXT_TO_SHAPE_AND_FIT_TEXT` —— 文字溢出自动缩字号
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> - `page_title` 用细线代替大块色填,所有内页统一调用
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---
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## L1 · 封面 (Cover) —— 极简,无大色块
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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# 左上角小色块 + 标题左侧细色条
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add_rect(slide, 0.7, 0.7, 0.6, 0.06, PRIMARY) # 顶部短线
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add_rect(slide, 0.7, 1.05, 0.06, 1.5, ACCENT) # 左侧竖线 (装饰)
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# 主标题
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add_textbox(slide, 0.7, 2.6, 11.9, 1.4, "项目名称 / 演示主题",
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44, bold=True, color=INK, name="cover_title")
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# 副标题 (灰色,弱化)
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add_textbox(slide, 0.7, 4.1, 11.9, 0.6, "一句话副标题或定位",
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22, color=GREY, name="cover_sub")
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# 汇报人 / 日期
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add_textbox(slide, 0.7, 6.4, 11.9, 0.4,
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"汇报人 · 部门 · 2026-05-06", 14, color=GREY_LIGHT,
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name="cover_meta")
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# 右下角小图标点缀 (五角星,可选)
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add_shape(slide, MSO_SHAPE.STAR_5_POINT, 12.2, 6.3, 0.5, 0.5, ACCENT,
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"deco_star")
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```
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---
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## L2 · 目录 (Agenda) —— 编号徽章 + 文字
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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page_title(slide, "目录")
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items = ["背景与现状", "核心问题", "解决方案", "实施计划", "预期成果"]
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for i, item in enumerate(items):
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y = 1.9 + i * 0.95
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add_badge(slide, SAFE_LEFT, y, i + 1, diameter=0.65)
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT + 1.0, y, SAFE_W - 1.0, 0.65,
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item, 22, color=INK, anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE,
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name=f"agenda_{i}")
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```
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---
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## L3 · 章节分隔 (Section Divider) —— 浅色背景 + 大字编号
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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# 整页极浅灰 (替代深色满铺)
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add_rect(slide, 0, 0, SLIDE_W, SLIDE_H, BG)
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# 左侧装饰竖条
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add_rect(slide, 0.7, 2.5, 0.08, 2.5, ACCENT)
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# 大编号 (主色,描边视觉感)
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add_textbox(slide, 1.1, 2.0, 4, 2.5, "01", 160, bold=True,
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color=PRIMARY, font=EN_FONT, name="sec_num")
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# 章节名
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add_textbox(slide, 5.5, 2.8, 7, 1.0, "背景与现状",
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44, bold=True, color=INK, anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE,
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name="sec_title")
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# 引言
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add_textbox(slide, 5.5, 4.0, 7, 0.6,
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"本章讨论行业现状与机会窗口", 18, color=GREY,
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name="sec_lead")
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# 装饰小图标
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add_shape(slide, MSO_SHAPE.RIGHT_ARROW, 5.5, 5.0, 0.6, 0.3, ACCENT,
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"sec_arrow")
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```
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---
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## L4 · 要点 (Bullets) —— 圆点 + 文字,无大块色
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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page_title(slide, "核心结论")
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bullets = [
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"结论一:用一句话讲清楚",
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"结论二:具体数据支撑,如增长 27%",
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"结论三:对未来的判断,简洁有力",
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"结论四:可选第四条,不要超过 5 条",
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]
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for i, b in enumerate(bullets):
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y = 2.0 + i * 0.95
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add_dot(slide, SAFE_LEFT + 0.05, y + 0.22, size=0.18, color=ACCENT)
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT + 0.45, y, SAFE_W - 0.45, 0.6,
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b, 22, color=INK, anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE,
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name=f"bullet_{i}")
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```
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---
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## L5 · 双栏对比 (Two-Column) —— 中线分隔,小色块标签
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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page_title(slide, "现状 vs 改进后")
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mid_x = SLIDE_W / 2
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# 中间细分隔线 (替代两块大矩形)
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add_rect(slide, mid_x - 0.02, 2.0, 0.04, 4.8, RGBColor(0xDD, 0xDD, 0xDD),
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"divider")
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# 左栏小标签 (色块只占小区域)
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add_rect(slide, SAFE_LEFT, 2.0, 0.8, 0.35, GREY, "left_tag")
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT, 2.0, 0.8, 0.35, "现状", 14, bold=True,
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color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE,
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shrink=False, name="left_label")
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left_pts = ["问题 A: 描述", "问题 B: 描述", "问题 C: 描述"]
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for i, p in enumerate(left_pts):
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add_dot(slide, SAFE_LEFT + 0.05, 2.7 + i * 0.7 + 0.18, color=GREY)
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT + 0.45, 2.7 + i * 0.7,
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mid_x - SAFE_LEFT - 0.7, 0.55, p, 18, color=INK,
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anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE, name=f"l_pt_{i}")
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# 右栏小标签
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add_rect(slide, mid_x + 0.3, 2.0, 0.8, 0.35, PRIMARY, "right_tag")
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add_textbox(slide, mid_x + 0.3, 2.0, 0.8, 0.35, "改进后", 14, bold=True,
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color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE,
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shrink=False, name="right_label")
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right_pts = ["改善 A: 描述", "改善 B: 描述", "改善 C: 描述"]
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for i, p in enumerate(right_pts):
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add_dot(slide, mid_x + 0.35, 2.7 + i * 0.7 + 0.18, color=ACCENT)
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add_textbox(slide, mid_x + 0.75, 2.7 + i * 0.7,
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SAFE_RIGHT - mid_x - 0.75, 0.55, p, 18, color=INK,
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anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE, name=f"r_pt_{i}")
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```
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---
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## L6 · 图表为主 (Chart-focus) —— 标题 + 一句结论 + 大图
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```python
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# chart.png 已用 matplotlib 生成 (见 design_principles.md §7)
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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page_title(slide, "季度营收持续增长")
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# 一句话结论
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT, SAFE_TOP + 1.1, SAFE_W, 0.5,
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"Q4 同比增长 158%,创历史新高", 18, color=GREY,
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name="lead")
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# 图表 (居中,占 9 寸宽,高度自适应)
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slide.shapes.add_picture("chart.png", Inches(2.2), Inches(2.4),
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width=Inches(8.9))
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# 数据来源 (右下角弱化)
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add_textbox(slide, SAFE_LEFT, 6.95, SAFE_W, 0.4,
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"数据来源: 公司年报 2025", 11, color=GREY_LIGHT,
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align=PP_ALIGN.RIGHT, shrink=False, name="source")
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```
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---
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## L7 · 图片为主 (Image-focus) —— 文字在图旁,不压图
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> 之前用满铺图 + 半透明遮罩,效果不稳定。改成"图占 60% + 文字独立区"。
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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# 左侧图占 60% 宽
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slide.shapes.add_picture("hero.jpg", Inches(0), Inches(0),
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width=Inches(8), height=Inches(7.5))
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# 右侧浅灰背景区放文字
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add_rect(slide, 8, 0, 5.33, 7.5, BG, "text_panel")
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add_rect(slide, 8.4, 1.0, 0.06, 0.8, ACCENT, "deco_bar") # 装饰短线
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add_textbox(slide, 8.4, 2.0, 4.6, 1.6, "走进未来", 36,
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bold=True, color=INK, name="img_title")
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add_textbox(slide, 8.4, 3.8, 4.6, 1.5,
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"用一两句话点出主旨,不要把演讲稿搬上来。",
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18, color=GREY, name="img_caption")
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# 图标:右下角的箭头,引导视线
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add_shape(slide, MSO_SHAPE.RIGHT_ARROW, 8.4, 6.5, 0.7, 0.35, ACCENT,
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"img_cta")
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```
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---
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## L8 · 金句 / 大字 (Quote) —— 留白主导,装饰极简
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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# 左上大引号 (用 STAR 不合适;用字形)
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add_textbox(slide, 0.8, 0.6, 1.5, 1.5, '"', 200, bold=True,
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color=ACCENT, font=EN_FONT, shrink=False, name="quote_mark")
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# 金句 (深色,留白多)
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add_textbox(slide, 1.5, 2.7, 10.5, 2.0,
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"把复杂留给我们,把简单留给用户。", 36, bold=True,
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color=INK, anchor=MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE, name="quote_text")
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# 装饰短线
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add_accent_line(slide, 1.5, 5.0, length=0.5, color=ACCENT)
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# 出处
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add_textbox(slide, 1.5, 5.2, 10.5, 0.5, "—— 公司价值观 2025",
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16, color=GREY, name="quote_attr")
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```
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---
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## L9 · 结尾 / Q&A —— 浅色 + 大字,不再满铺深色
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```python
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slide = prs.slides.add_slide(BLANK)
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# 顶部 + 底部装饰短线 (代替整页色块)
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add_rect(slide, SAFE_LEFT, 0.6, 0.8, 0.06, ACCENT, "top_line")
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add_rect(slide, SAFE_RIGHT - 0.8, 6.85, 0.8, 0.06, ACCENT, "bottom_line")
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add_textbox(slide, 0, 2.5, SLIDE_W, 1.6, "Thank You", 80, bold=True,
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color=PRIMARY, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, font=EN_FONT,
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name="thanks")
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add_textbox(slide, 0, 4.3, SLIDE_W, 0.6, "欢迎提问与讨论",
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22, color=ACCENT, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, name="qa")
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add_textbox(slide, 0, 6.2, SLIDE_W, 0.5,
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"联系方式 / 邮箱 / 公众号", 14, color=GREY_LIGHT,
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align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER, name="contact")
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```
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---
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## 选版式速查
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```
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||
有数据 ≥ 3 点 → L6 (Chart-focus)
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||
对比类 (前/后, A/B) → L5 (Two-Column)
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||
要点 ≤ 5 条 → L4 (Bullets)
|
||
转场 / 换章 → L3 (Section Divider)
|
||
首页 → L1 (Cover)
|
||
末页 → L9 (Q&A)
|
||
有大图 / 视觉优先 → L7 (Image-focus)
|
||
观点强调 / 名言 → L8 (Quote)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 三个常犯的越界场景
|
||
|
||
1. **bullet 字数超额** —— 22pt 在 11.5 寸宽下每行约 50 个中文字。超过 1 行就溢出 0.7 in 高的框。**用 `assert_inside` + `auto_size=TEXT_TO_SHAPE_AND_FIT_TEXT` 兜底**;但根本解法是**字数压缩**(见 design_principles.md §字数预算)
|
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2. **标题占两行** —— 标题在 0.7 in 高的框里,32pt 单行高约 0.45 in,**两行就溢出**。中文标题 ≤ 30 字
|
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3. **图片不等比拉伸** —— `add_picture(width=, height=)` 同时给会变形;**只给 width 或 height 一项**
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