diff --git a/crates/app_operation_system/src/app.rs b/crates/app_operation_system/src/app.rs
index 7b94b9e..881b616 100644
--- a/crates/app_operation_system/src/app.rs
+++ b/crates/app_operation_system/src/app.rs
@@ -71,6 +71,18 @@ pub async fn run() {
         .await
         .expect("Failed to connect enabled sources");
 
+    if crate::seed::enabled_via_env() {
+        match crate::seed::ensure_kiln_templates(&platform.pool).await {
+            Ok(report) => tracing::info!(
+                "Seeded kiln templates (stations={}, segments={}, steps={})",
+                report.stations_inserted,
+                report.segments_inserted,
+                report.steps_inserted
+            ),
+            Err(err) => tracing::error!("Seed kiln templates failed: {}", err),
+        }
+    }
+
     let state = AppState {
         app_name: "operation-system",
         config: config.clone(),
diff --git a/crates/app_operation_system/src/lib.rs b/crates/app_operation_system/src/lib.rs
index f5d717a..9123116 100644
--- a/crates/app_operation_system/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/app_operation_system/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ pub mod event;
 pub mod handler;
 pub mod model;
 pub mod router;
+pub mod seed;
 pub mod service;
 
 pub use app::{run, test_state, AppState};
diff --git a/crates/app_operation_system/src/seed.rs b/crates/app_operation_system/src/seed.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b1366b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/app_operation_system/src/seed.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+//! Kiln template seed (design doc §12 P5).
+//!
+//! Inserts skeleton stations + segments + steps for 1 号 / 2 号 dry-kiln lines
+//! so operators can start binding equipment / signals through the CRUD APIs
+//! instead of authoring every row by hand. Idempotent: re-running is a no-op
+//! when the codes already exist.
+//!
+//! Only the *control flow* is seeded; equipment / station-signal bindings stay
+//! operator-managed because the field config differs per site.
+
+use sqlx::PgPool;
+
+/// Insert kiln-1 / kiln-2 templates. Returns the number of rows freshly
+/// inserted (segments + stations + steps).
+pub async fn ensure_kiln_templates(pool: &PgPool) -> Result<TemplateReport, sqlx::Error> {
+    let mut report = TemplateReport::default();
+    let mut tx = pool.begin().await?;
+
+    for station in kiln_template_stations() {
+        let inserted = sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            INSERT INTO station (code, name, line_code, segment_code, station_type, enabled, description)
+            VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, TRUE, $6)
+            ON CONFLICT (code) DO NOTHING
+            "#,
+        )
+        .bind(station.code)
+        .bind(station.name)
+        .bind(station.line_code)
+        .bind(station.segment_code)
+        .bind(station.station_type)
+        .bind(station.description)
+        .execute(&mut *tx)
+        .await?;
+        report.stations_inserted += inserted.rows_affected();
+    }
+
+    for segment in kiln_template_segments() {
+        let inserted = sqlx::query(
+            r#"
+            INSERT INTO process_segment (
+                code, name, segment_type, line_code, priority,
+                enabled, mode, require_manual_ack_after_fault, description
+            )
+            VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, TRUE, $6, TRUE, $7)
+            ON CONFLICT (code) DO NOTHING
+            "#,
+        )
+        .bind(segment.code)
+        .bind(segment.name)
+        .bind(segment.segment_type)
+        .bind(segment.line_code)
+        .bind(segment.priority)
+        .bind(segment.mode)
+        .bind(segment.description)
+        .execute(&mut *tx)
+        .await?;
+        report.segments_inserted += inserted.rows_affected();
+
+        let segment_id: Option<uuid::Uuid> =
+            sqlx::query_scalar(r#"SELECT id FROM process_segment WHERE code = $1"#)
+                .bind(segment.code)
+                .fetch_optional(&mut *tx)
+                .await?;
+        let Some(segment_id) = segment_id else { continue };
+
+        // Only seed steps for an empty segment. Once an operator owns the
+        // step list, the seed mustn't trample it.
+        let existing_step_count: i64 =
+            sqlx::query_scalar(r#"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM segment_step WHERE segment_id = $1"#)
+                .bind(segment_id)
+                .fetch_one(&mut *tx)
+                .await?;
+        if existing_step_count > 0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for step in build_step_template(segment.segment_type) {
+            sqlx::query(
+                r#"
+                INSERT INTO segment_step (
+                    segment_id, step_no, step_code, action_kind,
+                    confirm_signal_role, expected_value, timeout_ms,
+                    hold_until_confirm, cancel_on_fault, on_timeout, description
+                )
+                VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, TRUE, $6, FALSE, TRUE, 'fault', $7)
+                "#,
+            )
+            .bind(segment_id)
+            .bind(step.step_no)
+            .bind(step.step_code)
+            .bind(step.action_kind)
+            .bind(step.confirm_signal_role)
+            .bind(step.timeout_ms)
+            .bind(step.description)
+            .execute(&mut *tx)
+            .await?;
+            report.steps_inserted += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    tx.commit().await?;
+    Ok(report)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TemplateReport {
+    pub stations_inserted: u64,
+    pub segments_inserted: u64,
+    pub steps_inserted: u64,
+}
+
+struct StationTemplate {
+    code: &'static str,
+    name: &'static str,
+    line_code: &'static str,
+    segment_code: &'static str,
+    station_type: &'static str,
+    description: &'static str,
+}
+
+fn kiln_template_stations() -> Vec<StationTemplate> {
+    let lines = [("KILN_1", "1 号"), ("KILN_2", "2 号")];
+    let kinds: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = &[
+        ("dry_in", "干燥窑进口", "DRY_INFEED"),
+        ("dry_step", "干燥窑内", "DRY_STEP"),
+        ("dry_out", "干燥窑出口", "DRY_OUTFEED"),
+    ];
+    let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(lines.len() * kinds.len());
+    for (line_code, line_name) in lines {
+        for (kind, kind_name, segment_code) in kinds {
+            let code = match (line_code, *kind) {
+                ("KILN_1", "dry_in") => "ST-DRY1-IN",
+                ("KILN_1", "dry_step") => "ST-DRY1-STEP",
+                ("KILN_1", "dry_out") => "ST-DRY1-OUT",
+                ("KILN_2", "dry_in") => "ST-DRY2-IN",
+                ("KILN_2", "dry_step") => "ST-DRY2-STEP",
+                ("KILN_2", "dry_out") => "ST-DRY2-OUT",
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+            let name: &'static str = match (line_code, *kind) {
+                ("KILN_1", "dry_in") => "1 号干燥窑进口位",
+                ("KILN_1", "dry_step") => "1 号干燥窑内位",
+                ("KILN_1", "dry_out") => "1 号干燥窑出口位",
+                ("KILN_2", "dry_in") => "2 号干燥窑进口位",
+                ("KILN_2", "dry_step") => "2 号干燥窑内位",
+                ("KILN_2", "dry_out") => "2 号干燥窑出口位",
+                _ => continue,
+            };
+            // Description is interned via &'static str by matching above; no need to format.
+            let _ = (line_name, kind_name); // documentation-only context
+            out.push(StationTemplate {
+                code,
+                name,
+                line_code,
+                segment_code,
+                station_type: kind,
+                description: "Seeded by ensure_kiln_templates",
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+struct SegmentTemplate {
+    code: &'static str,
+    name: &'static str,
+    segment_type: &'static str,
+    line_code: &'static str,
+    priority: i32,
+    mode: &'static str,
+    description: &'static str,
+}
+
+fn kiln_template_segments() -> Vec<SegmentTemplate> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for (line_code, label) in [("KILN_1", "1 号"), ("KILN_2", "2 号")] {
+        out.push(SegmentTemplate {
+            code: if line_code == "KILN_1" {
+                "SEG-DRY1-INFEED"
+            } else {
+                "SEG-DRY2-INFEED"
+            },
+            name: if line_code == "KILN_1" {
+                "1 号干燥窑进口段"
+            } else {
+                "2 号干燥窑进口段"
+            },
+            segment_type: "kiln_infeed",
+            line_code,
+            priority: 10,
+            mode: "disabled",
+            description: "Seeded skeleton; bind equipment + station signals to enable.",
+        });
+        out.push(SegmentTemplate {
+            code: if line_code == "KILN_1" {
+                "SEG-DRY1-STEP"
+            } else {
+                "SEG-DRY2-STEP"
+            },
+            name: if line_code == "KILN_1" {
+                "1 号干燥窑内前移段"
+            } else {
+                "2 号干燥窑内前移段"
+            },
+            segment_type: "kiln_step",
+            line_code,
+            priority: 5,
+            mode: "disabled",
+            description: "Seeded skeleton; bind equipment + station signals to enable.",
+        });
+        out.push(SegmentTemplate {
+            code: if line_code == "KILN_1" {
+                "SEG-DRY1-OUTFEED"
+            } else {
+                "SEG-DRY2-OUTFEED"
+            },
+            name: if line_code == "KILN_1" {
+                "1 号干燥窑出口段"
+            } else {
+                "2 号干燥窑出口段"
+            },
+            segment_type: "kiln_outfeed",
+            line_code,
+            priority: 10,
+            mode: "disabled",
+            description: "Seeded skeleton; bind equipment + station signals to enable.",
+        });
+        let _ = label;
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct StepTemplate {
+    pub step_no: i32,
+    pub step_code: &'static str,
+    pub action_kind: &'static str,
+    pub confirm_signal_role: &'static str,
+    pub timeout_ms: i32,
+    pub description: &'static str,
+}
+
+/// Per-segment-type canonical step list (design doc §7.4 / §10.1).
+pub fn build_step_template(segment_type: &str) -> Vec<StepTemplate> {
+    match segment_type {
+        "kiln_infeed" => vec![
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 1,
+                step_code: "OPEN_DOOR",
+                action_kind: "open_door",
+                confirm_signal_role: "allow_in",
+                timeout_ms: 15_000,
+                description: "开门并等待门开到位",
+            },
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 2,
+                step_code: "PUSH_FORWARD",
+                action_kind: "push_forward",
+                confirm_signal_role: "arrived",
+                timeout_ms: 30_000,
+                description: "顶车进窑并等待到位",
+            },
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 3,
+                step_code: "PUSH_RETRACT",
+                action_kind: "push_retract",
+                confirm_signal_role: "done",
+                timeout_ms: 30_000,
+                description: "顶车后退复位",
+            },
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 4,
+                step_code: "CLOSE_DOOR",
+                action_kind: "close_door",
+                confirm_signal_role: "done",
+                timeout_ms: 15_000,
+                description: "关门并等待门关到位",
+            },
+        ],
+        "kiln_step" => vec![StepTemplate {
+            step_no: 1,
+            step_code: "STEP_ONCE",
+            action_kind: "step_once",
+            confirm_signal_role: "arrived",
+            timeout_ms: 30_000,
+            description: "步进一格并等待到位",
+        }],
+        "kiln_outfeed" => vec![
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 1,
+                step_code: "OPEN_DOOR",
+                action_kind: "open_door",
+                confirm_signal_role: "allow_in",
+                timeout_ms: 15_000,
+                description: "开门并等待门开到位",
+            },
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 2,
+                step_code: "PULL_RUN",
+                action_kind: "pull_run",
+                confirm_signal_role: "arrived",
+                timeout_ms: 30_000,
+                description: "拉引出窑并等待到位",
+            },
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 3,
+                step_code: "PULL_RETRACT",
+                action_kind: "pull_retract",
+                confirm_signal_role: "done",
+                timeout_ms: 30_000,
+                description: "拉引复位",
+            },
+            StepTemplate {
+                step_no: 4,
+                step_code: "CLOSE_DOOR",
+                action_kind: "close_door",
+                confirm_signal_role: "done",
+                timeout_ms: 15_000,
+                description: "关门并等待门关到位",
+            },
+        ],
+        _ => Vec::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Whether the OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES env opts the deployment into automatic seeding.
+pub fn enabled_via_env() -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        std::env::var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES").ok().as_deref(),
+        Some("true") | Some("1")
+    )
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn infeed_template_has_four_sequential_steps() {
+        let steps = build_step_template("kiln_infeed");
+        assert_eq!(steps.len(), 4);
+        let nos: Vec<i32> = steps.iter().map(|s| s.step_no).collect();
+        assert_eq!(nos, vec![1, 2, 3, 4]);
+        assert_eq!(steps[0].action_kind, "open_door");
+        assert_eq!(steps[3].action_kind, "close_door");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn step_template_has_single_step() {
+        let steps = build_step_template("kiln_step");
+        assert_eq!(steps.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(steps[0].action_kind, "step_once");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn outfeed_template_uses_pull_actions() {
+        let steps = build_step_template("kiln_outfeed");
+        assert!(steps.iter().any(|s| s.action_kind == "pull_run"));
+        assert!(steps.iter().any(|s| s.action_kind == "pull_retract"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unknown_segment_type_yields_empty_template() {
+        assert!(build_step_template("unknown").is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn station_template_covers_both_kilns() {
+        let stations = kiln_template_stations();
+        assert_eq!(stations.len(), 6);
+        assert!(stations.iter().any(|s| s.code == "ST-DRY1-IN"));
+        assert!(stations.iter().any(|s| s.code == "ST-DRY2-OUT"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn segment_template_covers_three_per_kiln() {
+        let segments = kiln_template_segments();
+        assert_eq!(segments.len(), 6);
+        let kiln_1 = segments.iter().filter(|s| s.line_code == "KILN_1").count();
+        let kiln_2 = segments.iter().filter(|s| s.line_code == "KILN_2").count();
+        assert_eq!(kiln_1, 3);
+        assert_eq!(kiln_2, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn enabled_via_env_respects_flag() {
+        let prev = std::env::var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES").ok();
+
+        std::env::remove_var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES");
+        assert!(!enabled_via_env());
+
+        std::env::set_var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES", "1");
+        assert!(enabled_via_env());
+
+        std::env::set_var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES", "no");
+        assert!(!enabled_via_env());
+
+        match prev {
+            Some(v) => std::env::set_var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES", v),
+            None => std::env::remove_var("OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES"),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/docs/api-ops.md b/docs/api-ops.md
index c9cb9f5..a4f1b9f 100644
--- a/docs/api-ops.md
+++ b/docs/api-ops.md
@@ -69,3 +69,8 @@
   - `point_new_value`（核心）
   - `event_created`（核心）
   - `app_event`：`{ app: "operation-system", event_type: "segment_runtime_changed", data: SegmentRuntime }`
+
+## 环境变量
+
+- `SIMULATE_PLC=1` — 调试模式，引擎发出命令后通过模拟器把确认信号写回监控缓存，使段流程可在无 PLC 现场时端到端运行。
+- `OPS_SEED_TEMPLATES=1` — 应用启动时自动写入 1 号 / 2 号干燥窑 6 段（infeed / step / outfeed × 2）的段 + 步骤骨架，仅插入缺失的记录，不覆盖已有配置。设备与工位信号绑定仍需通过 CRUD API 完成。