diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/lib.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/lib.rs
index b862446..f3a6d1e 100644
--- a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 pub mod bootstrap;
-pub mod platform_context;
\ No newline at end of file
+pub mod model;
+pub mod platform_context;
+pub mod util;
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/model.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/model.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc7c97f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/model.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+use crate::util::datetime::utc_to_local_str;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use sqlx::types::Json;
+use sqlx::FromRow;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum ScanMode {
+    Poll,
+    Subscribe,
+}
+
+impl ScanMode {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            ScanMode::Poll => "poll",
+            ScanMode::Subscribe => "subscribe",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ScanMode> for String {
+    fn from(mode: ScanMode) -> Self {
+        mode.as_str().to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ScanMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for ScanMode {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "poll" => Ok(ScanMode::Poll),
+            "subscribe" => Ok(ScanMode::Subscribe),
+            _ => Err(format!("Invalid scan mode: {}", s)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow, Clone)]
+pub struct Source {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub protocol: String, // opcua, modbus
+    pub endpoint: String,
+    pub security_policy: Option<String>,
+    pub security_mode: Option<String>,
+    pub username: Option<String>,
+    pub password: Option<String>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct Node {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub source_id: Uuid,
+    pub external_id: String, // ns=2;s=Temperature
+
+    // comment fixed
+    pub namespace_uri: Option<String>,
+    pub namespace_index: Option<i32>,
+    pub identifier_type: Option<String>, // i/s/g/b
+    pub identifier: Option<String>,
+
+    pub browse_name: String,
+    pub display_name: Option<String>,
+    pub node_class: String, // Object/Variable/Method  coil/input topic
+    pub parent_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub struct Point {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub node_id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub unit: Option<String>,
+    pub tag_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub equipment_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub signal_role: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct PointSubscriptionInfo {
+    pub point_id: Uuid,
+    pub external_id: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow, Clone)]
+pub struct Tag {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow, Clone)]
+pub struct Equipment {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub unit_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub code: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub kind: Option<String>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow, Clone)]
+pub struct ControlUnit {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub code: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub run_time_sec: i32,
+    pub stop_time_sec: i32,
+    pub acc_time_sec: i32,
+    pub bl_time_sec: i32,
+    pub require_manual_ack_after_fault: bool,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow, Clone)]
+pub struct EventRecord {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub event_type: String,
+    pub level: String,
+    pub unit_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub equipment_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub source_id: Option<Uuid>,
+    pub message: String,
+    pub payload: Option<Json<serde_json::Value>>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, FromRow, Clone)]
+pub struct Page {
+    pub id: Uuid,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub data: Json<HashMap<String, Uuid>>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub created_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "utc_to_local_str")]
+    pub updated_at: DateTime<Utc>,
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edb3ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pub mod datetime;
+pub mod log;
+pub mod pagination;
+pub mod response;
+pub mod single_instance;
+pub mod validator;
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/datetime.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/datetime.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20ec5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/datetime.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use chrono::{DateTime, Local, Utc};
+use serde::Serializer;
+
+pub fn utc_to_local_string(date: &DateTime<Utc>) -> String {
+    date.with_timezone(&Local).format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.3f").to_string()
+}
+
+pub fn utc_to_local_str<S>(date: &DateTime<Utc>, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+where
+    S: Serializer,
+{
+    let formatted = utc_to_local_string(date);
+    serializer.serialize_str(&formatted)
+}
+
+pub fn option_utc_to_local_str<S>(date: &Option<DateTime<Utc>>, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+where
+    S: Serializer,
+{
+    match date {
+        Some(d) => utc_to_local_str(d, serializer),
+        None => serializer.serialize_none(),
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/log.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/log.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7bd548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/log.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+use time::UtcOffset;
+use tracing_subscriber::{fmt, prelude::*, EnvFilter};
+use tracing_appender::{rolling, non_blocking};
+
+static LOG_GUARD: OnceLock<non_blocking::WorkerGuard> = OnceLock::new();
+
+pub fn init_logger() {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all("./logs").ok();
+
+    let file_appender = rolling::daily("./logs", "app.log");
+    let (file_writer, guard) = non_blocking(file_appender);
+    LOG_GUARD.set(guard).ok();
+    let timer = fmt::time::OffsetTime::new(
+        UtcOffset::from_hms(8, 0, 0).unwrap(),
+        time::format_description::well_known::Rfc3339,
+    );
+
+    tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .with(
+            fmt::layer()
+                .compact()
+                .with_timer(timer.clone())
+                .with_writer(std::io::stdout),
+        )
+        .with(
+            fmt::layer()
+                .json()
+                .with_timer(timer)
+                .with_writer(file_writer)
+                .with_ansi(false)
+                .with_current_span(false)
+                .with_span_list(false),
+        )
+        .init();
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/pagination.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/pagination.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158c7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/pagination.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_with::serde_as;
+use validator::Validate;
+
+/// 鍒嗛〉鍝嶅簲缁撴瀯
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+pub struct PaginatedResponse<T> {
+    pub data: Vec<T>,
+    pub total: i64,
+    pub page: u32,
+    pub page_size: i32,
+    pub total_pages: u32,
+}
+
+impl<T> PaginatedResponse<T> {
+    /// 鍒涘缓鍒嗛〉鍝嶅簲
+    pub fn new(data: Vec<T>, total: i64, page: u32, page_size: i32) -> Self {
+        let total_pages = if page_size > 0 {
+            ((total as f64) / (page_size as f64)).ceil() as u32
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            data,
+            total,
+            page,
+            page_size,
+            total_pages,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 鍒嗛〉鏌ヨ鍙傛暟
+#[serde_as]
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Validate)]
+pub struct PaginationParams {
+    #[validate(range(min = 1))]
+    #[serde_as(as = "serde_with::DisplayFromStr")]
+    #[serde(default = "default_page")]
+    pub page: u32,
+    #[validate(range(min = -1, max = 100))]
+    #[serde_as(as = "serde_with::DisplayFromStr")]
+    #[serde(default = "default_page_size")]
+    pub page_size: i32,
+}
+
+fn default_page() -> u32 {
+    1
+}
+
+fn default_page_size() -> i32 {
+    20
+}
+
+impl PaginationParams {
+    /// 璁＄畻鍋忕Щ閲?
+    pub fn offset(&self) -> u32 {
+        (self.page - 1) * self.page_size.max(0) as u32
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/response.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/response.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df45e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/response.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+use anyhow::Error;
+use axum::{
+    Json,
+    http::StatusCode,
+    response::IntoResponse,
+    extract::rejection::{
+        QueryRejection,
+        PathRejection,
+        JsonRejection,
+        FormRejection,
+    },
+};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use sqlx::Error as SqlxError;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
+pub struct ErrResp {
+    pub err_code: i32,
+    pub err_msg: String,
+    pub err_detail: Option<Value>,
+}
+
+impl ErrResp {
+    pub fn new(err_code: i32, err_msg: impl Into<String>, detail: Option<Value>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            err_code,
+            err_msg: err_msg.into(),
+            err_detail: detail,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub enum ApiErr {
+    Unauthorized(String, Option<Value>),
+    Forbidden(String, Option<Value>),
+    BadRequest(String, Option<Value>),
+    NotFound(String, Option<Value>),
+    Internal(String, Option<Value>),
+}
+
+impl IntoResponse for ApiErr {
+    fn into_response(self) -> axum::response::Response {
+        match self {
+            ApiErr::Unauthorized(msg, detail) => {
+                (StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED, Json(ErrResp::new(401, msg, detail))).into_response()
+            }
+            ApiErr::Forbidden(msg, detail) => {
+                (StatusCode::FORBIDDEN, Json(ErrResp::new(403, msg, detail))).into_response()
+            }
+            ApiErr::BadRequest(msg, detail) => {
+                (StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, Json(ErrResp::new(400, msg, detail))).into_response()
+            }
+            ApiErr::NotFound(msg, detail) => {
+                (StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, Json(ErrResp::new(404, msg, detail))).into_response()
+            }
+            ApiErr::Internal(msg, detail) => (
+                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                Json(ErrResp::new(500, msg, detail)),
+            )
+                .into_response(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Error> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(err: Error) -> Self {
+        tracing::error!("Error: {:?}; root_cause: {}", err, err.root_cause());
+        ApiErr::Internal("internal server error".to_string(), None)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<SqlxError> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(err: SqlxError) -> Self {
+        match err {
+            SqlxError::RowNotFound => {
+                ApiErr::NotFound("Resource not found".into(), None)
+            }
+            SqlxError::Database(db_err) => {
+                if db_err.code().as_deref() == Some("23505") {
+                    ApiErr::BadRequest("data already exists".into(), None)
+                } else {
+                    tracing::error!("Database error: {}", db_err);
+                    ApiErr::Internal("Database error".into(), None)
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                tracing::error!("Database error: {}", err);
+                ApiErr::Internal("Database error".into(), None)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<QueryRejection> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(rejection: QueryRejection) -> Self {
+        tracing::warn!("Query parameter error: {}", rejection);
+        ApiErr::BadRequest(
+            "Invalid query parameters".to_string(),
+            Some(serde_json::json!({
+                "detail": rejection.to_string()
+            }))
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<PathRejection> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(rejection: PathRejection) -> Self {
+        tracing::warn!("Path parameter error: {}", rejection);
+        ApiErr::BadRequest(
+            "Invalid path parameter".to_string(),
+            Some(serde_json::json!({
+                "detail": rejection.to_string()
+            }))
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<JsonRejection> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(rejection: JsonRejection) -> Self {
+        tracing::warn!("JSON parsing error: {}", rejection);
+        ApiErr::BadRequest(
+            "Invalid JSON format".to_string(),
+            Some(serde_json::json!({
+                "detail": rejection.to_string()
+            }))
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<FormRejection> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(rejection: FormRejection) -> Self {
+        tracing::warn!("Form data error: {}", rejection);
+        ApiErr::BadRequest(
+            "Invalid form data".to_string(),
+            Some(serde_json::json!({
+                "detail": rejection.to_string()
+            }))
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/single_instance.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/single_instance.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efc1d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/single_instance.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+use fs2::FileExt;
+use std::{
+    fs::{File, OpenOptions},
+    io,
+    path::PathBuf,
+};
+
+pub fn try_acquire(name: &str) -> io::Result<SingleInstanceGuard> {
+    SingleInstanceGuard::acquire(name)
+}
+
+pub struct SingleInstanceGuard {
+    _file: File,
+}
+
+impl SingleInstanceGuard {
+    fn acquire(name: &str) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        let lock_path = lock_file_path(name);
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .create(true)
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .truncate(false)
+            .open(lock_path)?;
+
+        if let Err(err) = file.try_lock_exclusive() {
+            if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists,
+                    "another PLC Control instance is already running",
+                ));
+            }
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                err.kind(),
+                format!("failed to lock single-instance file: {}", err),
+            ));
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self { _file: file })
+    }
+}
+
+fn lock_file_path(name: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    let sanitized: String = name
+        .chars()
+        .map(|ch| match ch {
+            'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '-' | '_' => ch,
+            _ => '_',
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("{}.lock", sanitized))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::lock_file_path;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lock_path_is_sanitized() {
+        let path = lock_file_path("PLCControl/Gateway:test");
+        let path_str = path.to_string_lossy();
+        assert!(path_str.ends_with("PLCControl_Gateway_test.lock"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/validator.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/validator.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e210b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/src/util/validator.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use crate::util::response::ApiErr;
+use serde_json::{json, Value};
+use validator::ValidationErrors;
+
+impl From<ValidationErrors> for ApiErr {
+    fn from(errors: ValidationErrors) -> Self {
+        // 鏋勫缓璇︾粏鐨勯敊璇俊鎭?
+        let mut error_details = serde_json::Map::new();
+        let mut first_error_msg = String::from("璇锋眰鍙傛暟楠岃瘉澶辫触");
+
+        for (field, field_errors) in errors.field_errors() {
+            let error_list: Vec<String> = field_errors
+                .iter()
+                .map(|e| {
+                    e.message.as_ref()
+                        .map(|m| m.to_string())
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| e.code.to_string())
+                })
+                .collect();
+            error_details.insert(field.to_string(), json!(error_list));
+
+            // 鑾峰彇绗竴涓瓧娈电殑绗竴涓敊璇俊鎭?
+            if first_error_msg == "璇锋眰鍙傛暟楠岃瘉澶辫触" && !error_list.is_empty() {
+                if let Some(msg) = field_errors[0].message.as_ref() {
+                    first_error_msg = format!("{}: {}", field, msg);
+                } else {
+                    first_error_msg = format!("{}: {}", field, field_errors[0].code);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ApiErr::BadRequest(first_error_msg, Some(Value::Object(error_details)))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/plc_platform_core/tests/model_smoke.rs b/crates/plc_platform_core/tests/model_smoke.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dd3a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/plc_platform_core/tests/model_smoke.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use plc_platform_core::model::Equipment;
+
+#[test]
+fn equipment_type_is_public() {
+    let _equipment: Option<Equipment> = None;
+}