import argparse import asyncio import logging from pathlib import Path from typing import Optional from playwright.async_api import async_playwright, Page, Browser # 初始化日志 Path("log").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) LOG_PATH = Path("log") / "scihub_downloader.log" logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s", handlers=[logging.FileHandler(LOG_PATH, encoding="utf-8"), logging.StreamHandler()], ) logger = logging.getLogger("scihub") async def _wait_for_user_to_solve_challenge(page: Page): logger.info("请在浏览器中完成验证（如果需要），完成后按回车继续...") await asyncio.get_event_loop().run_in_executor(None, input) async def _try_click_robot_button(page: Page, headless: bool) -> bool: """尝试点击验证按钮（可选步骤，如果找不到则直接继续）""" selectors = ["text=/are you a robot/i", "div.ask", "div.altcha-checkbox", "text=Are you a robot"] for sel in selectors: try: loc = page.locator(sel) if await loc.count() > 0: logger.info(f"找到验证元素，尝试点击: {sel}") try: await loc.first.click() except Exception as e: try: await page.click(sel) except Exception as click_err: logger.warning(f"点击验证元素失败: {click_err}") pass await page.wait_for_timeout(1500) # 等待可能的导航/重定向 try: await page.wait_for_navigation(timeout=8000) logger.info("点击验证后检测到导航完成") except Exception: await page.wait_for_timeout(500) # 如果出现需要人工的 captcha，提示用户 if any("recaptcha" in f.url for f in page.frames): if not headless: await _wait_for_user_to_solve_challenge(page) return True except Exception as e: logger.debug(f"尝试点击验证元素失败: {sel}: {e}") logger.info("页面上未发现验证按钮，直接继续") return False async def _click_no_button(page: Page) -> bool: """尝试点击 'No' 按钮（可选步骤，如果找不到则直接继续）""" # 精确匹配
No
selectors = ["div.answer[onclick=\"check()\"]", "div.answer:has-text('No')", "text=No"] for sel in selectors: try: loc = page.locator(sel) if await loc.count() > 0: logger.info(f"找到 'No' 元素，尝试点击: {sel}") try: await loc.first.click() except Exception as e: try: await page.click(sel) except Exception as click_err: logger.warning(f"点击 'No' 失败: {click_err}") pass await page.wait_for_timeout(1200) # 点击 No 后也可能触发重定向 try: await page.wait_for_navigation(timeout=8000) logger.info("点击 No 后检测到导航完成") except Exception: pass # 保存结果用于排查 try: await page.screenshot(path="after_click_no.png", full_page=True) html = await page.content() with open("after_click_no.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: f.write(html) logger.info("已保存 after_click_no.png / after_click_no.html") except Exception: logger.exception("保存点击 No 的结果失败") return True except Exception as e: logger.debug(f"检查 'No' 按钮时出错: {sel}: {e}") logger.info("页面上未发现 'No' 按钮") return False async def download_pdf_with_playwright(url: str, output: str = "paper.pdf", headless: bool = False) -> Optional[bytes]: async with async_playwright() as p: browser: Browser = await p.chromium.launch(headless=headless) context = await browser.new_context(viewport={"width": 1920, "height": 1080}) page = await context.new_page() pdf_content: Optional[bytes] = None async def on_response(response): nonlocal pdf_content try: ct = response.headers.get("content-type", "") if "application/pdf" in ct: logger.info(f"捕获到 PDF 响应: {response.url}") pdf_content = await response.body() except Exception: logger.exception("处理响应时出错") page.on("response", on_response) try: logger.info(f"打开: {url}") await page.goto(url, wait_until="networkidle") await page.wait_for_timeout(1000) # 尝试点击验证 & No await _try_click_robot_button(page, headless) await _click_no_button(page) # 点击后充分等待以让页面加载和触发PDF响应 logger.info("等待页面加载和PDF响应...") await page.wait_for_timeout(3000) # 尝试主动等待PDF响应（点击后可能会自动加载或重定向触发PDF请求） if not pdf_content: try: await page.wait_for_response( lambda r: "application/pdf" in r.headers.get("content-type", ""), timeout=5000, ) logger.info("捕获到主动等待的 PDF 响应") except Exception: logger.info("主动等待 PDF 响应超时，继续其他方式") # 尝试通过页面下载按钮 # download_selectors = ["a[href*='.pdf']", "button:has-text('Download')", "a:has-text('PDF')"] # for sel in download_selectors: # try: # if await page.locator(sel).count() > 0: # logger.info(f"尝试点击下载元素: {sel}") # async with page.expect_download() as di: # await page.click(sel) # download = await di.value # await download.save_as(output) # logger.info(f"已保存 PDF: {output}") # with open(output, "rb") as f: # pdf_content = f.read() # break # except Exception: # logger.exception(f"通过选择器下载失败: {sel}") # 回退：查找页面内 PDF 链接并直接访问 # if not pdf_content: # logger.info("尝试查找页面内 PDF 链接") # try: # links = await page.eval_on_selector_all("a[href]", "els => els.map(e=>e.href)") # candidates = [u for u in links if ".pdf" in u] # if candidates: # pdf_url = candidates[0] # logger.info(f"直接访问 PDF 链接: {pdf_url}") # resp = await page.goto(pdf_url, wait_until="networkidle") # if resp and resp.status == 200: # pdf_content = await resp.body() # with open(output, "wb") as f: # f.write(pdf_content) # logger.info(f"已保存 PDF: {output}") # except Exception: # logger.exception("直接访问 PDF 链接失败") if pdf_content: logger.info(f"下载成功，大小: {len(pdf_content)} bytes") return pdf_content else: logger.warning("未能获取 PDF，已保存页面快照供排查") try: await page.screenshot(path="scihub_screenshot.png", full_page=True) html = await page.content() with open("scihub_page.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f: f.write(html) except Exception: logger.exception("保存调试信息失败") return None finally: try: await context.close() except Exception: logger.exception("关闭 context 失败") try: await browser.close() except Exception: logger.exception("关闭 browser 失败") def download_paper_by_doi(doi: str, output: Optional[str] = None, headless: bool = True) -> tuple[bool, str]: """ 通过 DOI 下载论文 PDF（供 task 调用） 参数： doi: DOI 字符串，例如 "10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.091" output: 输出文件路径（默认基于 DOI 生成，格式：10.1016_j.xxx.pdf） headless: 是否无头模式（默认 True） 返回： (True, "文件路径") 如果成功 (False, "scihub_error_*: 错误详情") 如果失败，错误码前缀包括： - scihub_error_empty_doi: DOI 为空 - scihub_error_timeout: 网页加载超时 - scihub_error_load_failed: 加载页面失败 - scihub_error_pdf_not_found: 无法获取 PDF - scihub_error_exception: 其他异常 """ try: doi = doi.strip() if not doi: err = "scihub_error_empty_doi: DOI 为空" logger.error(err) return False, err url = f"https://sci-hub.st/{doi}" output_path = output or f"{doi.replace('/', '_')}.pdf" logger.info(f"开始下载 DOI: {doi}") logger.info(f"目标 URL: {url}") logger.info(f"输出文件: {output_path}") try: pdf_content = asyncio.run(download_pdf_with_playwright(url, output=output_path, headless=headless)) except asyncio.TimeoutError as e: err = f"scihub_error_timeout: 网页加载超时（可能网络慢或网站不可用）" logger.error(err) return False, err except Exception as e: err = f"scihub_error_load_failed: 加载页面时出错 - {str(e)}" logger.exception(err) return False, err if pdf_content: logger.info(f"✓ 成功下载: {output_path} ({len(pdf_content)} bytes)") return True, output_path else: # PDF 内容为空，说明所有获取方式都失败 err = f"scihub_error_pdf_not_found: 无法从 Sci-Hub 获取 PDF（可能 DOI 不存在、网站不可用、或无权限访问）" logger.error(err) return False, err except Exception as e: err = f"scihub_error_exception: 执行下载时发生异常 - {str(e)}" logger.exception(err) return False, err def _parse_args(): p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="简化的 Sci-Hub PDF 下载器，支持 DOI") p.add_argument("--doi", help="DOI，例如 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.091") p.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="输出文件名（默认基于 DOI）") p.add_argument("--headless", action="store_true", help="无头模式") return p.parse_args() if __name__ == "__main__": args = _parse_args() if not args.doi: logger.error("请通过 --doi 提供 DOI") raise SystemExit(1) success, msg = download_paper_by_doi(args.doi, output=args.output, headless=args.headless) if success: logger.info(f"完成: {msg}") else: logger.error(f"失败: {msg}") raise SystemExit(1)