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From: caoqianming <caoqianming@foxmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2026 10:11:00 +0800
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backend 有独立 .venv，系统 Python 缺少项目依赖，运行 Django 命令必须使用 backend/.venv/Scripts/python.exe。
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+# mat3 项目指引
+
+## 后端运行环境
+
+后端有独立虚拟环境，路径为 `backend/.venv/`。执行 Django 管理命令、运行 Python 脚本时**必须使用**该虚拟环境的 Python，否则会因系统 Python 缺少 `decouple` 等依赖而失败。
+
+**正确用法**（从任意工作目录）：
+
+```bash
+D:/projects/mat3/backend/.venv/Scripts/python.exe D:/projects/mat3/backend/manage.py <command>
+```
+
+示例：
+
+```bash
+# 运行 migration
+D:/projects/mat3/backend/.venv/Scripts/python.exe D:/projects/mat3/backend/manage.py migrate
+
+# 生成 migration
+D:/projects/mat3/backend/.venv/Scripts/python.exe D:/projects/mat3/backend/manage.py makemigrations
+
+# 启动开发服务器
+D:/projects/mat3/backend/.venv/Scripts/python.exe D:/projects/mat3/backend/manage.py runserver
+```
+
+**不要**直接 `python manage.py ...`——系统 Python 没有项目依赖。